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This theoretical scoping review paper details the emerging evidence for a range of these elements, covering epidemiological and interventional data, and provides information on how we can engage in “biophilic” activities to harness their potential benefits. In a contemporary sense, these elements reflect a range of modifiable factors: UV light or heat therapy (Fire) sauna, hydrotherapy, and balneotherapy (Water) nature-based exposure therapy and horticulture (Earth) oxygen-rich/clean air exposure and breathing techniques (Air). The “elements,” classically described in humoral theory as Fire, Water, Earth, and Air, all may impact our mental health. Humans are intimately connected to nature, and our physical and mental health is influenced strongly by our environment.
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